IOT based Wireless Charging Station for Electric Vehicles

Description

Description
In this project, the Arduino controls the system based on inputs from an IR sensor. When the IR sensor detects an Obstacle (Vehicle here), it triggers a relay, completing the circuit between a pulse generator and a transmitting coil. This coil generates a magnetic field, which is picked up by a receiving coil aligned with it. The induced current in the receiving coil passes through a 7805 circuit and displayed on a voltmeter. An LCD shows the charging station’s status, and a billing system starts when the station is active. This setup can be used for wireless EV charging and total bill can be seen on IOT thingspeak platform.

Objectives
Effective Wireless Power Transfer
To design and implement a system that transfers power wirelessly from a transmitting coil to a receiving coil, using electromagnetic induction principles.
Real-Time Monitoring
To use an IR sensor and LCD display to indicate the status of the charging station (ON or OFF) in real-time.
Automated Billing System
To integrate a billing mechanism that tracks and increments the cost when the charging station is active, providing a seamless payment process.
Application in EV Charging:
To develop a wireless charging solution suitable for electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, enhancing efficiency in electric vehicle charging processes.

Working
In this project the operation begins with the activation of the battery, which powers the circuit. A 7805-voltage regulator then stabilizes the voltage to a 5V, which powers the Arduino and other electronic components. Upon initialization, the Arduino starts running its code. A pulse generator module is connected to a 12V battery (which is recharged by a solar panel), generates pulses. One end of a copper coil consisting of 125 circular turns is connected to a relay and another end to the pulse generator. Output point of pulse generator is connected to the relay. An IR sensor is present in the system to detect the presence of light when triggered by this light, the sensor activates the relay, completing the circuit between the pulse generator and the transmitting coil. When the circuit is completed, the pulses passing through the coil induces a magnetic field according to Fraday’s law of EMI. The status of the charging station is simultaneously displayed on a 16×2 LCD, showing “Charging Station ON” when the sensor is triggered and “Charging Station OFF” otherwise. Additionally, when the station is on, a billing system is activated, incrementing the total charge.
On the receiving end, another coil with 45 turns is placed on the top of the transmitting coil. As the pulse-induced magnetic field from the transmitting coil passes through the receiving coil, it induces a current. These current powers a 7805-voltage regulator circuit on the receiver side, with the output voltage being displayed on a voltmeter. This setup can effectively be used in electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, offering a wireless method to transfer power for vehicle charging.

Conclusion

A wireless charging system from the road to the vehicle is demonstrated using Arduino, IR sensor, and relays. The increased usage of electric vehicles necessitates the development of new technologies that simplify the charging process by making it more autonomous and requiring less human involvement.

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