Tyre Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) using HX710B Sensor and GSM

Description

🚗 Introduction

The concept of monitoring tyre pressure originated in the early 1980s when luxury vehicles first began adopting basic tyre warning systems to enhance road safety. However, it was only after the 2000s—following a series of road accidents caused by underinflated tyres—that Tyre Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS) became a standard feature in vehicles across Europe and the United States. In 2007, the U.S. Department of Transportation mandated TPMS installation in all passenger cars and light trucks, a policy soon followed by many other countries. Today, over 85% of new vehicles worldwide are equipped with factory-fitted TPMS, underlining its importance in preventing accidents, improving fuel economy, and extending tyre life.

Tyres are the only point of contact between a vehicle and the road, and even a slight deviation in pressure can lead to severe handling instability, reduced braking performance, and increased wear. Studies indicate that around 70% of road users drive with at least one underinflated tyre, often unknowingly. Improper tyre inflation not only reduces fuel efficiency by up to 10% but also shortens tyre lifespan by 25%. More critically, it increases the risk of blowouts, which are among the leading causes of fatal highway accidents.

To address these challenges, a Tyre Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) continuously monitors air pressure inside pneumatic tyres and alerts the driver in real-time in case of deviations. The system in this project employs an HX710B pressure sensor module interfaced with an Arduino microcontroller for accurate pressure detection. The pressure data is displayed on a 16×2 LCD, while a GSM module sends SMS alerts to the user’s mobile phone whenever abnormal pressure is detected. Additionally, red LEDs and a buzzer alarm provide immediate local visual and audible warnings for quick driver response.

Unlike commercial TPMS units that rely on proprietary sensors, this low-cost prototype demonstrates how affordable microcontrollers can deliver safety features comparable to modern vehicles. Such systems are especially vital for two-wheelers, low-cost cars, and heavy transport vehicles in developing countries like India, where TPMS adoption is still below 25% of total vehicles in use. By integrating GSM connectivity, the system ensures alerts reach the user instantly—even when they are away from the vehicle—making it ideal for fleet management and personal safety applications.

In essence, the proposed TPMS enhances vehicle reliability, energy efficiency, and road safety by combining hardware precision with digital communication. As road transport continues to expand globally, the development of smart, accessible, and automated tyre monitoring solutions like this one becomes increasingly crucial for sustainable mobility and accident prevention.

📊 Objectives

1. Monitor tyre pressure in real-time using HX710B sensor.

2. Display tyre pressure data on a 16×2 LCD.

3. Provide instant local alerts via red LEDs and buzzer.

4. Send SMS alerts through GSM module in case of low pressure.

5. Enhance vehicle safety and maintenance through smart automation.

⚙️ Hardware Components

1. Arduino UNO microcontroller

2. HX710B Pressure Sensor Module

3. GSM Module (SIM800L / SIM900A)

4. LCD 16×2 Display

5. Red LEDs (Low-Pressure Indicators)

6. Active Buzzer Module

7. 12V Battery / Power Supply

8. Connecting Wires & Breadboard

🧩 Methodology

The system uses HX710B pressure sensors to measure tyre air pressure, feeding analog data into the Arduino UNO for processing. The Arduino continuously compares the readings against a set threshold.
If pressure drops below safe levels, red LEDs and buzzer provide an immediate local alert. Simultaneously, the GSM module transmits an SMS notification to the user containing the tyre’s pressure details. The 16×2 LCD displays live readings of all monitored tyres, ensuring users can verify the data instantly.

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Contact us:
👨🏼‍🏭Dr. Vipin Kumar Sharma
Ph.D., M.Tech, B.Tech in ECE
🎓Lecturer 🚀#Researcher #Drone #Robotics

WhatsApp : https://wa.me/919810326343

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