IOT Solar Based Wireless Power Transfer on Road for Electrical Vehicle

Description

#ElectricVehicles #WirelessCharging #SolarEnergy #EVCharging #SmartTransportation

#ElectricVehicles #WirelessCharging #SolarEnergy #EVCharging #SmartTransportation
#RenewableEnergy #GreenMobility #EVRevolution #WirelessPowerTransfer #SmartRoads

Introduction

In recent advancements in magnetic field simulation speed and capacity, as well as in power electronics, the area of wireless power transmission has grown considerably. Electric cars are being investigated as a possible substitute for internal combustion engine-powered vehicles in the future transport sector, particularly for CO2 reduction and alternative energy purposes.

However, because of the vehicle’s high weight, large capacity, and restricted driving range, many critical problems must be addressed. The article introduces the novel on-road dynamic wireless charging system for electric vehicles. The charging technique for electric vehicles is categorized as conductive or wireless, fixed or dynamic, and slow or rapid. In this project, a concept in which an electric car is charged while in motion, without the need for a halt. Furthermore, a green and creative method to generate energy for the purpose of charging these cars is being proposed.An idea in which an electric car is charged while driving without stopping. Additionally, providing a sustainable and creative method of generating energy for charging these cars.

The idea project consists of IR sensors and coils, when the IR sensor is triggered when the car comes, the coil below the vehicle is activated through the relay, and charging of the vehicle starts. The energy generated in this manner may be stored in a battery through conductive wires. Additionally, energy may be generated via the installation of solar panels and hydropower facilities. The microcontroller used is Arduino UNO, the IR sensor connected to it, with relays and coding to operate the relay corresponding to the IR sensor which is triggered by the vehicle on the road.

Objectives:

1. To show battery Parameter on Web server like Battery %, Temperature, Humidity, Battery Voltage.
2. To develop a wireless system power transmission system to charge the battery.
3. To optimize coil power consumption when no vehicle is there.
4. To develop a Robotic car to show continuous power delivery to the battery.
5. To reduce the size of the battery used in the vehicle.

Components required

1. Arduino UNO (X2)
2. Coils 45 turns (X8)
3. Coil 125 turns
4. 4V DC motors (X4)
5. Battery 4V
6. Batteries 12V (4Vx3)
7. Pulse generator module
8. 8 channel relay
9. LCD 16X2
10. ESP8266-01 module (Wi-Fi)
11. 5V regulator
12. DHT-11 sensor
13. Voltmeter
14. Connecting wires
15. Solar Panel

Methodology

In this project, the Arduino begins executing its code to control the various elements. Eight circular coils, each with 45 turns, are connected to an 8-channel relay module. Each relay channel is linked to a pulse generator module, which provides pulses to the coils. 8 IR sensor are also placed in front of each coil. A car, equipped with a 125-turn coil and an 8V battery driving four 4V DC motors, moves along the path of these coils, as it aligns its coil with the first circular coil. This alignment triggers the first IR sensor, activating the corresponding relay channel and completing the circuit between the first coil and the pulse generator. This induces a magnetic field in the first coil, generating an induced current in the car’s coil, which is measured by a voltmeter and displayed on a 16×2 LCD in the car. As the car further moves and the coil moves past the first IR sensor, the relay deactivates, and the process repeats for the next coils. This setup ensures that the car is charged as it moves. Additionally, the car has an ESP8266-01 Wi-Fi module and a DHT11 sensor to monitor and share real-time values of voltage, temperature, and humidity to a server, allowing for continuous monitoring of the car’s charging and environmental conditions.

Theory of Operation –🔋 Wireless Power Transfer via Inductive Coupling

1. Electromagnetic Induction Basics

When an alternating current flows through the transmitter coil, it generates a time-varying magnetic field. If a secondary coil (receiver coil) is placed within the magnetic field, a voltage is induced across it. This phenomenon is governed by Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction:

ε = -N × dΦ/dt

Where:
ε = Induced EMF (in volts)
N = Number of turns in the receiver coil
Φ = Magnetic flux through a single loop
dΦ/dt = Rate of change of magnetic flux

2. Magnetic Flux and Coupling

The magnetic flux Φ through the receiver coil is proportional to the magnetic field B generated by the transmitter coil and the effective area A of the receiver coil:

Φ = B × A × cos(θ)

Where:
B = Magnetic field strength
A = Area of the receiver coil
θ = Angle between the magnetic field and normal to the coil (ideally 0° for max flux)

The efficiency of transfer is determined by the coupling coefficient k, which depends on the alignment and distance between coils. The power transferred P can be approximated using mutual inductance M:

P = ω × M × I₁ × I₂

Where:
ω = Angular frequency of current (2πf)
M = Mutual inductance between coils
I₁, I₂ = Currents in transmitter and receiver coils respectively

Application to the Project

Transmitter Coil (Road Side): Each coil is excited by a pulse generator (AC source) when triggered by the corresponding IR sensor. These coils have 45 turns, generating a time-varying magnetic field under the car.
Relay Control: An 8-channel relay driven by the Arduino UNO ensures that only one coil is active at any time, based on which IR sensor is triggered. This sequential activation saves energy and avoids magnetic interference.
Receiver Coil (On EV): The car has a 125-turn receiver coil, which passes over each active transmitter coil. The coil picks up the changing magnetic field and induces a voltage based on the above principles. The voltage is monitored by a voltmeter and directly used to charge the battery or drive the DC motors.
Power Output Estimation (Simplified): Assuming an average induced voltage of V_ind ≈ 6.5 V and current I ≈ 0.5 A, the received power is:

P = V_ind × I = 6.5 × 0.5 = 3.25 W

Project Title Options:

1. IoT-Enabled Solar Wireless Power Transfer System for On-Road EV Charging
2. Smart Solar Road with IoT-Based Wireless Charging for Electric Vehicles
3. Real-Time Wireless EV Charging System Using Solar and IoT Integration
4. Dynamic On-Road EV Charging Platform Powered by Solar and IoT
5. Intelligent Wireless Power Transfer System for Electric Vehicles Using IoT and Solar Energy
6. Solar IoT Smart Road for Wireless EV Charging in Motion
7. IoT-Driven Solar Charging Highway for Continuous EV Power Supply
8. Self-Charging Smart Road: IoT and Solar Powered Wireless EV Charging System
9. Wireless Solar Charging Infrastructure for EVs with IoT Monitoring
10. IoT-Integrated Solar Smart Road for Sustainable Electric Vehicle Charging

Keywords: 

IoT based wireless EV charging, solar wireless power transfer, electric vehicle charging on road, wireless power transfer for EVs, IoT EV charging system, smart EV charging infrastructure, solar-powered EV charging, EV wireless charging using IoT, renewable energy for electric vehicles, on-road EV charging system, solar IoT charging station, EV wireless energy transfer, intelligent transportation system EV, smart grid EV charging, green energy for electric vehicles, solar IoT EV project, sustainable EV infrastructure, wireless road charging for EVs, IoT enabled EV charger, real-time EV power monitoring system.

#SmartGrid #CleanEnergy #SustainableTransport #TechInnovation #SmartCity #IoTEnergy #SolarPoweredEV #DynamicCharging #EVInfrastructure #VehicleToGrid #SolarTech

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